Guidelines for Estimating Food and Nutritional Needs in Emergencies (UNHCR, 1997, 10 p.): ANNEX I

Guidelines for Estimating Food and Nutritional Needs in Emergencies (UNHCR, 1997, 10 p.)

		(introduction...)
		BACKGROUND
		BASIC PRINCIPLES
		NEED FOR AN INITIAL REFERENCE VALUE FOR EMERGENCY FEEDING
		ADJUSTMENT OF INITIAL REFERENCE VALUE
		MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
		THE FOOD BASKET
		ANNEX I
		ANNEX II
		ANNEX III
		ANNEX IV

ANNEX I

Energy Requirements for Emergency-Affected Populations, Developing country profile (demography and anthropometry); Kilocalories per day

Age/sex group (years)	Male^a		Female^a		Male & Female^a
	% of total population	Energy requirement per caput	% of total population	Energy requirement per caput	% of total population	Energy-requirement per caput
0	1.31	850	1.27	780	2.59	820
1^b	1.26	1250	1.20	1190	2.46	1220
2^b	1.25	1430	1.20	1330	2.45	1380
3^b	1.25	1560	1.19	1440	2.44	1500
4^b	1.24	1690	1.18	1540	2.43	1620
0-4	6.32	1320	6.05	1250	12.37	1290
5-9	6.00	1980	5.69	1730	11.69	1860
10-14	5.39	2370	5.13	2040	10.53	2210
15-19	4.89	2700	4.64	2120	9.54	2420
20-59^c	24.80	2460	23.82	1990	48.63	2230
60+^c	3.42	2010	3.82	1780	7.24	1890
Pregnant			2.4	285(extra)	2.4
Lactating			2.6	500(extra)	2.6
Whole Population^c	50.84	2250	49.16	2010		2070

Sources:

(1) Energy requirements derived from WHO Technical Report Series No. 724
(2) Population data (mid-1995): UN Population Division, New York
^a Adult weight: male 60 kg, female 52 kg.
^b Population estimates for years 1, 2, 3 and 4 are not available from UN. Estimates for these years were made by interpolation between the figures given by UN for 0 year and 5 years.
^c The figures given here apply for “light” activity level (1.55 x BMR for men, 1.56 x BMR for women). (The BMR - basal metabolic rate - is the rate of energy expenditure of the body when at complete rest e.g. sleeping.) Adjustments for moderate and heavy activity: see Annex II.
N.B.

The requirements as expressed above do not take into account the varying fibre content, digestibility and complex-carbohydrate composition of the diet.
In developing countries, a relatively high proportion of fibre and less-available carbohydrate is usually present. The carbohydrate content of foods may be expressed in terms of its various components (starches, sugars, fibre, cellulose, lignins, etc.) or simply as the calculated “difference” between the total weight and the sum of the other components (tat, protein, minerals and water). This issue is discussed in WHO Technical Report Series No. 724, section 7.1. If the Atwater factor (4 Kcals per gramme) is applied to carbohydrate by difference, the real energy available in the food should be decreased by 5% or the “requirement” for this type of diet increased by 5%, which, for this Table, means an increase of +100 Kcals in the energy requirement indicated.